Internal-combustion engine.



N. B. WALES.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19. IBM.

. Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

2 SHEET$-SHEET 1.

E H v v am emflow -A 41 N. B. WALES. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JUNEI9, 1914.

Patented 001;. 12, 1915;

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q vi/twzooeo a. 07 dhwm NATHANIEL B. WALES, SAG-INAW,-MICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed June 19, 1914. Serial No. 846,104.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, NATHANIEL B. WALES, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Saginaw, in the county of Saginaw and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. In' the operation of the so-called Diesel type of internal combustion engines, the use of finely powdered fuel causes deterioration of the cylinder and piston walls as it and its ash residue is liable to become lodged between them, so as to out and score or otherwise injure the meeting faces. Because of the great compression in engines of this type any leakage between the piston and the cylinder greatly reduces the efficiency of the engine-and the cutting of the walls by the fuel necessarily causes this deleterious leak- This invention relates to an internal combustion engine of the so-called Diesel type in which provision is made for obviating the possibility of powdered fuel and its resulting ash or the like from lodging between the contacting faces of the piston and cylinder.

The invention also includes disposition of the air and fuel valves that insures thelr proper cooperation and means for utilizing the heat imparted into the piston for preheating the initial air charge.

The invention oonsists in the matters hereinafter set forth and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view par tially in elevation and partially in longitudinal section, and largely diagrammatic, of aninternal combustion engine that embodies features of the invention, parts being omitted to give clear view; Fig. 2 is a view in section on line 11-11 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a view in section on line III-III of Fig. 1, showing a detail of a suitable form of starting and feeding valve mechanism; and Fig. 4 is a view in elevation of a fuel feeding valve mechanism.

Referring to the drawings, an upright cylinder 1 is closed at its lower end and is provided with a piston 2 that operates a crank shaft 3 through theusual connecting rod 4 and crank'5. The piston is of the sleeve type with its upper portion provided with pack-.

ing rings 6, arranged to reciprocate in the cylinder above air inlgt ports 7. The lower Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Get. 12, 1915.

cylinder wall in which the sleeve of the pis ton has sliding engagement is preferably water jacketed as indicated. The lower portion may or may not be. 4 Outwardly seating puppet closures 10 with stems 11 *and closing springs 12 or other suitable means seal the ports 7, replaceable bushings 13 being arranged to form the valve seats for the closures. As one means of operating the air valves a cam shaft 14 connected through the beveled gear 15 and pinion 16 to the main shaft 3, carries a cam 17 that operates directly against the stem 11 of the adjacent valve and indirectly through oppositely disposed rock arms 18 and 19 and link 20 on'a companion valve.

An exhaust port in the head 8 of the cylinder has a renewable valve seat formed on the end of a fitting 21 or the like on which a closure 22 is seated by the reciprocation of a stem 23, the movement of which is controlled bya cam 24 on the shaft 14, and a stem 23 prevents lost play between the cam.

bell crank and stem on the downstroke of the'latter and-forces the closure 22 to seat with a used. I

A fuel feeding valve is formed of a suit able fitting or casting on the. side of the cylinder near the compression end thereof provided with a charging cylinder indicated at 27 into which an oil duct 28 opens. Air or the like at high pressure is likewise admitted through a port 29 through a suitable source of supply. The oil supply is controlled by a reciprocating closure 30 appropriately connected as by a bell crank 31 with a cam rod 32 operated by a box cam 33 on the shaft 14. A spring 34 may be used to yieldingly seat the closure and prevent lost action between the parts, as in .the case of the exhaust valve. A hopper 36 or feed pipe connected to the source of supply of fuel, powdered coal or the like opens into a chamber 37 branching oil from the charging cylinder 27 through a port 38. A plunger 39 is reciprocated in the chamber ilT 'liy power dependent upon the springmeans of an adjustably fulcrumed lever 40 and pitman 41 connected to an eccentric 42 on a cam shaft'14. The port-38 .is so disposed-in relation to the plunger stroke that the latter always. clears the port 38 andon its inward stroke ejects any fuel that has been drawn into the chamber 37 out into the cylinder 27. 'Ihe'relative movements of the plunger 39 and the pitman 41 may be' changed by means of an adjusting rod 43 that has screw-threaded engagement with a fulcrum block 44 for the lever 40, the fulorum being movable up and down in a slot in a bracket 45 of the fuel valve fitting.

The adjusting rod 43 is controlled by a.

' created by the engine piston assists the entry of the powdered fuel through the port 38 in front of the plunger 39 by which it is transferred into position to be blown into the cylinder at the instant of ignition.

It is to be understood that the valve con nections herein shown and the method of operation may be varied within the limits of good machine shop pi'actice, a large part of the details of construction being omitted.

The charging cylinder 27 is disposed substantially tangentially to the compression chamber of the main cylinder so that the ejected charge is blown around the cylinder and a rifling groove 48 or the like may be used to give the charge a swirling motion.

It is to be undegstood that the necessary compression pumps or other means for furnishing air or the like underhigh pressure for the fuel feeding valves, are used with the engine and that the port 29 is likewise connected with a source of compressed air or the like which is under'highenpres'sure than the air in the clearance volume of the cylinder at the instant-of ignition, so thatwhen a closure 49 that is operatedthrough a box cam 50, .tappet 51 and bell crank 52 lifts from seat, the high pressure air injects either oil for a starting charge or the regular powdered fuel charge into the cylinder.

Onegreat feature of the device is the disposition of the air ports oppositely situated and located at the top of the inserted cylinder, the latter forming a restricted annu lar passage that is a pocket-or dust lock when the piston is at full compre'ssigii, in

which clean fresh air is maintained, the initial rush of air, passing down qthis restricted annulus clearing the same of ash, or residue and likewise cooling the piston wall during her the temperature incident to the compression of the air on the compression stroke is names and collect at the compression end of the cylinder so that it does not lodge on that portion of the cylinder wall in which the piston slides. A further beneficial effect is the regulation of the temperature of the cylinder' wall toward the compression end of the cylinder which may have a Water jacket or other cooling device that can be so proportioned that when the inrushing air encounters the piston and cylinder wall, the temperature is raised to the desired point to produce and insure ignition. In this manaugmented by the air absorbing heat from the piston wall as Well as traveling the length oi the cylinder wall and gaining heat from t at.

While the engineas herein designed may make use of crude oil or the like, it is particularly adapted for use with anthracite coal, coke or non-coking coals, the same being powdered to a high degree, which fuel is of-course of comparatively low cost when compared even with crude oils, the mechanism being such that the fuel is injected into the compressionchamber in such a manner as to insure proper distribution and conse- 10o quent rapid and complete combustion.

Obviously, changes in the details of construction may be made without departing from the spirit of my inve'ntionand I do'not What I claim is 1,. In an engine of the type described, an

inverted cylinder, with air ports at an interval from fuel and exhaust ports, and a pis- 11o ton in sliding engagement with the portion of the cylinder beyond the air ports arranged to form a free air passage between the air ports and the other ports when in compression position of restricted section.

2. In an engine of the type described, a cylinder closedatits lower end, air valves controlling ports into the cylinder between the ends thereof, an exhaust valve controlling an exhaust port in the lower end of 120' the cylinder, a'fuel starting and supply fitting discharging through a port into the cylinder through the lower end thereof, connections for supplying fuel andair under pressure greater than the maximum cylin- 2 der pressure to the fuel fittin and mechanism for operating'the respec ive valves in timed relation to the movement of the piston.

3. In an engine of the type described, an inverted cylinder with air ports between the 139 I ends thereof, a fuel supply fitting discharging into the cylinder at a distance below the air ports, a fuel fluid supply valve for the fitting, a reciprocating supply member for positively forcing a fuel charge into the fitting, a valve adapted to admit air under pressure greater than the cylinder pressure to the fitting for ejecting fuel therefrom, and mechanism for operating said valves in timed relation to the engine cycle.

4. In an engine of the type described, an inverted cylinder and a piston the upper portion of which is in sliding engagement with the cylinder and the other portion of which is adapted to form a compression zone surrounding the piston.

5. In an engine of the type described, an inverted cylinder with air inlet ports around the upper end thereof, a' fuel supply fitting discharging into the cylinders base at a distance below the air inlet ports, a fuel fluid supply valve for the fitting, a reciprocating fuel supply member for positively forcing a powdered fuel charge into the fitting, a valve adapted to admit air under pressure greater than the maximum cylinder compression pressure to the fitting for ejecting fuel therefrom, and mechanism for operating said valves in timed relation 'to the engine cycle. v i

6. In an engine of the type desc'ribed,an

inverted cylinder and a piston, the upper portion of which is in sliding engagement with the cylinder and the lower portion of which forms a clearance compression space extending for a portion of the piston length, the'cylinder being provided with air ports above the compression space and fuel and exhaust ports at the lower closed end.

In an engine of the type described, an inverted cylinder with air ports at an interval from fuel and exhaust ports, a piston in sliding engagement .for a portion of its length with the portion of the cylinder beyond the air ports and of less diameter than the cylinder for a portion of its length-to form a free air passage between the air ports and the other ports when in compression position, means for supplying comminuted fuel to the cylinder, and means for supplying a starting fuel charge to the cylinder.

8. In an engine of the type'described, an inverted cylinder with air ports between the ends thereof and fuel and exhaust ports in the lower closed end, means for intermittently supplying a charge of comminuted fuel to the compression end of the cylinder, an exhaust valve controlling a port in the closed end portion of the cylinder, a piston in sliding engagement with the portion of the cylinder beyond the air ports and of less diameter than the cylinder for a portion of its length to form a compression space and air passage between the air ports and the other ports when in compression position,

tion is in sliding engagement with the upper portion of the cylinder and whose lower portion forms an annular air space in the power portion of the cylinder when in compression position, air inlet valves discharging into the cylinder near the upper portion of the compression space thus formed, means for mechanically delivering comminuted fuel in position for discharge into the compression space of the cylinder, means for blowing each charge into thecylinder, an exhaust valve in the closed end portion of the cylinder, and mechanism operatively connectingvthe several parts to move in timed relation to the engine cycle.

10. In an engine of the type described, an inverted cylinder with air inlet ports between the ends thereof and fuel and exhaust ports at the lower closed end, a piston, the upper portion of which is in sliding engage-- ment with the portion of the cylinder above the air ports and the lower portion of which is of less diameter than that portion of the cylinder which it occupies when in compression position, valves controlling the air and exhaust ports, means for mechanically ejecting comminuted fuel into position for delivery through the fuel port, a valve for admitting fluid under pressure to eject each cylinder, means for ejecting the charge by fluid pressure into the cylinder, a piston, the upper portion of which is in sliding engagement with the cylinder above the air ports and the lower portion of which is adapted to form an air passage between the air ports and exhaust valve when the piston is in compression position, and means for operating the several parts in timed relation V to the engine cycle.

12. In an engine of the type described, an inverted cylinder with-air ports at an interval from fuel and exhaust ports, a piston in sliding engagement with a portion of the cvlinder beyond the air ports arranged to form an air passage between the air ports and the other ports when in compression position, a charging cylinder in communication with the main cylinder through the fuel port, means for delivering comminuted fuel to the charging cylinder for delivery to the main cylinder, and means controlling the delivery of fuel into the charging cylinder adapted to deliver the charge on the air intake stroke of the piston.

13. In an engine of the type described, an inverted cylinder, a piston in sliding engagement with the upper portion of the cylinder adapted to form an annular compression space around the cylinder When the piston is in compression position, a charging cylinder delivering into the compression space of the engine cylinder, means for supplying connninuted fuel intermittently to the charging cylinder, means for introducing fluid under compression higher than the cylinder compression to the charging cylinder for ejecting the comminutedfuel therefrom, and means for controlling the operation of the feeding and ejecting means whereby the discharge takes place during the air intake stroke of the piston.

In testimony whereof I afliX my signature in. presence of two witnesses.

NATHANIEL B. WALES.

Witnesses:

C. R. STIGKNEY, M. E. LoWRY. 

